Here are some snakebite cautions for horse owners. Spring and summer months bring an increase in horse activities and the end of hibernation for rattlesnakes. Warm weather means snakes are on the move. As they begin to emerge and leave their dens, until their return during cooler fall weather, this movement and activity increases the incidence of horses bitten by rattlesnakes. While terrifying, knowing how to react can save your horse’s life.
Of the 27 species of rattlesnakes in the United States, 11 are found in Texas. The Western Diamondback is particularly common. Over 90% of these bites occur on the face, primarily the nose, in pastures or fields while the horse is grazing. Curiosity often leads to trouble, as horses investigate the sound or smell of a snake.
Localized signs of rattlesnake bites include significant to severe swelling, pain, and bleeding at the bite site, with significant tissue damage. Immediate action is crucial. When a horse receives a rattlesnake bite, keeping the horse from moving or becoming excited prevents further absorption and circulation of the venom.
Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications:
- Airway Management: Medical treatment is aimed at ensuring that the horse has adequate breathing capabilities. Veterinarians may use tubes to keep airways open amidst swelling.
- Medication: Medications used by veterinarians include steroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to decrease swelling around the bite site. Antibiotics fight infection.
- Supportive Care: Wetting hay and feed for horses with facial bites can help them eat comfortably while healing.
By Ginger Elliot, DVM, Guthrie, Texas